Oca 12
14
more fewer less konu anlatımı
Karşılaştırmalar (comparatives), iki nesneyi karşılaştırırken kullanılır. Genelde bir heceli ya da bazı iki heceli sıfatlardan sonra “daha” anlamına gelen “-er” eki ilave edilir, sonra “-den” anlamına gelen “than” kelimesi kullanılır.
· My father is older than my mother[A1] .
short
dirty
narrow
weak
slow
long
old
+er
shorter
dirtier
narrower
weaker
slower
longer
older
than
Sesli harften sonra bir sessiz harfle biten bazı sıfatlarda sondaki sessiz harf iki defa yazılır ve “-er than” eklenir.
· Turkey is bigger than Greece. (Türkiye Yunanistan’dan büyüktür.)
wet
big
sad
hot
wetter
bigger
sadder
hotter
than
Sonu “-y” ile biten kelimelerde “-y” düşer yerine “-i” gelir ve “-er than” eklenir.
· My bag is heavier than your bag.[A2]
happy
heavy
rainy
windy
thirsty
hungry
+ier
happier
heavier
rainier
windier
thirstier
hungrier
than
Sonu “-e” ile biten kelimelere sadece “-r than” eklenir.
· Your house is larger than my house.[A3]
nice
large
late
wide
blue
+r
nicer
larger
later
wider
bluer
than
İki veya daha fazla heceli ise “daha fazla” anlamını katmak için “more” kelimesi kullanılır.
Sedat is more intelligent than me[A4] .
İstanbul is more expensive than Ankara[A5] .
Sonu “-ed, -ing” ile bitten sıfatlar her zaman “more” kelimesiyle kullanılır.
More crowded More tiring
more / less, the most / the least (daha fazla / daha az, en fazla / en az)
İki nesne veya şeyi karşılaştırırken sıfat tek heceli ise “-er” eklenir. İki veya daha fazla heceli ise “daha fazla” anlamını katmak için “more” , kulanılır. “daha az” anlamını katmak için “less” kullanılır.” Less” hem kısa hem de uzun sıfatlar için kullanılır.
more
less
beautiful
delicious
difficult
different
exciting
expensive
important
than
· I think men are less patient than women[A6]
· The last exam is less difficult than the previous one[A7] .
· Your hair is less oily than mine[A8]
“-ly” ile bitten “adverbs” zarflar more kelimesi ile kullanılır.
· Could you please speak more slowly[A9]
· The computer will, more patiently than any teacher, pay attention to what the student does.[A10]
· My wife drives more carefully than I do[A11]
Not: “early” kelimesi istisnadır.
· He came earlier.[A12]
“-ly” almayan zarflar (soon,hard, late, fast,) ise “-er” takısı ile birlikte kullanılır.
· The person who works harder than anybody else in this company is Sinem.[A13]
· Why didn’t you tell me sooner?[A14]
· Light travels faster than sound[A15]
· She came home later.[A16]
Not: “Often” kelimesi istisnadır.
· I stay here more often these days.[A17]
Belirli iki şey arasında bir karşılaştırma yapıyorsak “the” kullanılır.
· Of these two cars, I would buy the cheaper one.[A18]
· Taner is the taller of the two brathers.[A19]
· Salih is the more intelligent of the twins
Düzensiz çekimler :
Good Better
Bad Worse
Far Farther/ Further
Much More
Many More
Little Less (few – fewer)
· The movie was better than I expected[A20]
· He speaks English better than İbrahim[A21]
· The new version is worse than the first version[A22]
· We need more than that.[A23]
· People must read more.[A24]
· We must exercise more and eat less in order to be healthy.[A25]
· I’m quite tired but I can certainly walk a little further[A26]
· Count your books. I think you have fewer than me.[A27]
Not: “far” kelimesi “uzak” anlamında “Farther/ Further” şeklinde kullanılabilir. Ancak “more” anlamında sadece “Further” kullanılır. “Farther” kullanılmaz.
· I can certainly walk a little further / farther[A28]
· For further farther information, call 7890[A29]
Karşılaştırma yaparken bazı zarflar kullanılarak karşılaştırma derecesini azaltabilir ya da çoğaltabiliriz.
A little / a bit /slightly / somewhat (biraz)
· Ankara air is a little cleaner than it used to be 10 years ago.[A30]
· Tenth Planet is slightly larger than Pluto[A31]
· He is somewhat more confident than she used to be.[A32]
· Calling from this card is a bit cheaper than from a land line phone[A33]
A lot, a great deal, much, many, far ,considerably,even (çok)
· My exam results are a lot better than I expected[A34]
· Goin out sounds a great deal more interesting[A35]
· The result is much more surprising[A36]
· Surely there must be many more civilian deaths in the blast.[A37]
· Being a football player is considerably less fun than we think it is[A38]
· We may sleep even less than we think[A39]
Rather, no, any
· The new one is rather easier to use.[A40]
· He has eaten no fewer than four hamburgers[A41]
· It isn’t any better.[A42]
Comparative adjective veya adverb iki defa tekrarlanarak kullanılabilir. Böyle bir kullanım eylemin sürekli değiştiğini vurgulamaktadır.
· There are so many bad films now and less and less people are going to the movies.[A43]
· The weather gets warmer and warmer these days[A44]
· Software systems become more and more expensive[A45]
The comparative…the comparative… yapısı iki durumun birbiriyle ilişkili olarak değiştiğini belirtmek için kullanılır.
· The more he drank, the more drunk he became.[a46]
· The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him[a47]
· The sooner we leave, the sooner we’ll get there.[a48]
· The richer a person is, the happier he is[a49]
“Twice, three/four times, … “ gibi yapılardan sonra “-er than” ya da “ more than” kullanılabilir.
· Why is it two or three times more expensive to get a BMW serviced than a Ford?[A50]
· Cigarettes in Romania are twice cheaper than in Bulgaria[A51]
· Some 4000 people have died in Afghanistan this year — four times more than in 2005[A52]
Kişi veya nesnelerin farklı özellikleri karşılaştıralabilir.
· He was more hardworking than clever[A53]
· It is colder than it was yesterday.[A54]
· Yesteday, I wrote more letters than I have done today.[A55]
· Train certainly should be cheaper than it is[A56]
· I used to play soccer more often when I was young than I do now.[A57]
· Last year we earned more money than we had expected.[A58]
· Cigarettes in Romania are twice cheaper than in Bulgaria[A59]
